Culture and Science in the Middle East

Culture of different countries in the Middle East. Science of different countries in the Middle East

Science and Culture in the United Arab Emirates The first higher education institution - university in Al Ain, was opened in 1977. In 1986 there were 255 thousand students of all forms of learning, and in 1998/99 - more than 569 thousand, the number of teachers has reached 36.5 thousand. In 1998 17,2%. Of the budget was spent on the education. Less than 9% of the population older than 15 years are illiterate (2000). Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Kuwait In 1936 in the country there were only 2 schools, and in 1990 - already more than 1000. Education is free, from school to university. In addition schools have a system of specialized colleges - technical, commercial, medical, spiritual, etc. The total number of teachers of all forms of education - 40.9 thousand pupils 474.2 million (1998/99). 7% of the population older than 15 years is illiterate. In 1966 was inaugurated Kuwait University, became the largest educational institution in the Gulf. In addition, hundreds of students get their education abroad Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Oman Education in Oman is free of charge and accessible to all. Over the past 30 years the country has opened 300 primary schools. The number of schools in Oman is 1125 (2001). There public education is received by 550 thousand students and 24 thousand in private schools. The first institution of higher education was the Technical College in 1986. Sultan Qaboos founded it. In the 2000/01 academic year it enrolled 9075 students Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Lebanon Lebanon can rightfully be called the cultural, scientific and educational center. The education system in Lebanon is look like the French educational model. There is an elementary school (from 6 to 12 years), preparatory (from 12 to 15 years) the average and Secondary Technical School (15 to 18 years). After the graduating students get a bachelor's degree and higher education, which awarded at colleges and universities. Read more >>>

Muslim women in business in the Middle East A new World Bank research refutes the notion that women's entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa - is only a micro-or small businesses engaged in low-tech activities. It is assumed that firms, whose owners are women, are small informal enterprises, concentrated in certain sectors. In fact, there are Muslim women in business in the Middle East and there is very little difference between the enterprises owned by women and businesses owned by men. Read more >>>

How language affects business Middle East? Cross-cultural negotiations in business play an important role. Cross-cultural negotiations are one of the specializations of intercultural communication. There are different kinds of training for those who want to learn how to negotiate with clients, customers, directors of large firms or transnational corporations, etc., when a barrier or impediment is the difference in culture  and language from both sides. Read more >>>

Business etiquette in Middle East Business etiquette in Middle East is characterized with common rules, due to religious beliefs. Five times a day the work is interrupted for prayers (namaz) in Muslim countries. If you are not a Muslim, you do not need to pray, but you have to respect your Muslim partner and do not appoint business meetings on time per prayer. Read more >>>

Business education Middle East Business education Middle East needs to be modernized to meet the requirements of increasing worldwide competition and realize the potential of the vast and growing layer of the young population. The system of business education Middle East today. On average, countries in the region allocate 5% of GDP and 20% of the budget for the development of education - more than other developing countries with similar levels of per capita income. Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Iraq Education in Iraq is built on the following system: primary - 6 years, incomplete secondary education - 3 years, full secondary - 3 more years, i.e. only 12 years. There are also secondary professional-technical and pedagogical educational establishments. In the 1994/95 academic year 8035 primary schools functioned in Iraq, which taught 3 million children. In 2635 junior and senior middle schools (all data for 1994/95 and do not include data on Iraqi Kurdistan) studied 1.1 million people. In 274 secondary schools studied 110 Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Bahrain In Bahrain, there are two Universities. The leading educational establishment is the University of Bahrain (5 faculty). The second important is the University of Persian Gulf (2 faculty). The total number of students is 24.760 thousand (2001), teachers 7.172 thousand. Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Iran There is a compulsory primary and secondary education. According to the proclamation of "Islamic Cultural Revolution" in 1980 the universities  were closed, after 1983 they began to function again, the total number of institutions of higher education reached 150, including pedagogical and technical institutions. There function 38 universities, 15 of them - in Tehran. Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Palestine In the PNA there is rather well-developed education system, which includes a primary school education, schools of the second level, colleges, institutes and professional schools. In 2002/03 on the West Bank and Gaza Strip, there were 1.493 secondary schools (primary and preparatory levels) controlled by the administration of the PNA, 244 private schools and 269 school facilities in the care of YUNVRA in refugee camps. In all of these schools studied 984 thousand students, compared with 663 thousand in 1995/96. Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Qatar The authorities, worried about the huge influx of foreign labor, pay a lot of attention to education and developing of their own national staff. In 1995/96 there were 174 primary schools with an enrollment of 53.6 thousand pupils. The only University in Qatar was founded in 1977 in the capital city of Doha on the basis of the former Teacher Training College and has 7 faculties. Teaching and research work at the university is under the patronage of the Emir of Qatar, which 1980 issued a decree on the formation of a special center for Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Israel Scientific research and technological development are carried out in seven universities, as well as in dozens of public and private institutions and in hundreds of civilian and military enterprises, and in some firms. More than 1 / 2 of total research are funded by the government and community organizations. Expenditures on research and development accounted for 2% of GDP (almost at the level of Japan) in 1994. Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Turkey Students of Turkish schools receive the initial education after the first 5 years of study. Secondary education is two-step. Secondary education of the first level is received after 3 years of secondary school. In 1997 there was adopted free compulsory continuous eight-year education. Before the transition from primary to secondary schools there were held the competitive examinations, but teaching in secondary school was free. Getting the second level is carried out on the basis of the Lyceum; paid study lasts for 3-4 years. Program of Lyceums pay Read more >>>

Science and Culture in Syria The number of students at all three levels of education in 1998/99 counted 4147 thousand people and teachers of all forms of training - 202 thousand people. The total number of primary schools is 10 thousand. In the universities enrolled 151 thousand people. The largest science center is the University of Damascus. Except faculties there are classes in several autonomous institutes and colleges. Universities are also in Aleppo and Latakia. Read more >>>

Science and Culture of Saudi Arabia A great attention is paid to education. In late 1990 the expenditures on education were 18% of the budget, the number of schools at all levels exceeded 21000. In 1999/2000 the number of students of all forms of education amounted to approx. 4.4 million people and teachers - more than 350 thousand. The education for girls is led by the Special Review Council, they accounted for ca. 46% of students in the middle. 1990. Education is free and open to all citizens, although not obligatory. University system includes the Islamic University in Medina, University of Petroleum and Mineral Resources of King Fahda in Dahran, University of Read more >>>